Western blot analysis of actin was performed by loading 25 µg of various whole cell lysates and 10 µL of PageRuler Plus Prestained Protein Ladder (Product # 26619) per well onto a 4-20% Tris-HCl polyacrylamide gel. Proteins were transferred to a PVDF membrane and blocked with StartingBlock T20 (TBS) Blocking Buffer (Product # 37543) for at least 1 hour. The membrane was probed with a biotinylated pan actin monoclonal antibody (Product # MA5-11866) at a dilution of 1:6400 overnight at 4°C on a rocking platform, washed in TBS-0.1%Tween-20, and probed with HRP-conjugated Streptavidin (Product # 21126) at a dilution of 1:40,000 for at least 1 hour. Chemiluminescent detection was performed using SuperSignal West Pico (Product # 34080).